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Basic Question 0 of 8
In the principal-agent framework, the ultimate principals are ______.
B. the board of directors
C. shareholders
A. managers
B. the board of directors
C. shareholders
User Contributed Comments 1
User | Comment |
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Antoinepo | Shareholders are the principal of the board of directors which are the principal of managers which are the principal of typical agent. |

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Learning Outcome Statements
describe the classification, measurement, and disclosure under International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for 1) investments in financial assets, 2) investments in associates, 3) joint ventures, 4) business combinations, and 5) special purpose and variable interest entities;
distinguish between IFRS and US GAAP in their classification, measurement, and disclosure of investments in financial assets, investments in associates, joint ventures, business combinations, and special purpose and variable interest entities;
analyze how different methods used to account for intercorporate investments affect financial statements and ratios.
CFA® 2025 Level II Curriculum, Volume 2, Module 10.