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Subject 4. Classification of Regulations and Regulators

There are three types of regulatory bodies.

  • Legislative bodies enact broad laws and statutes.
  • Regulatory bodies issue administrative regulations, often implementing statutes. Regulatory bodies include government agencies and independent regulators granted authority by a government and government agency. Some independent regulators may be self-regulating organizations.
  • Courts interpret statutes and administrative regulations, and these interpretations may result in judicial law.

Regulations can be classified as:

  • Statutes - laws passed by a legislative body.
  • Administrative regulations or administrative law - rules issued by government agencies or other regulators.
  • Judicial law - interpretations of courts.

Regulations can be classified by their objectives too.

Regulators have responsibility for:

  • Substantive law, which focuses on rights and responsibilities of entities and relationships among entities.
  • Procedural law, which focuses on the protection and enforcement of the substantive laws.

Study notes from a previous year's CFA exam:

4. Classification of Regulations and Regulators