- CFA Exams
- 2023 Level II
- Topic 9. Portfolio Management
- Learning Module 46. Trading Costs and Electronic Markets
Why should I choose AnalystNotes?
AnalystNotes specializes in helping candidates pass. Period.
Learning Outcome Statements PDF Download
![]() | explain the components of execution costs, including explicit and implicit costs; calculate and interpret effective spreads and VWAP transaction cost estimates; describe the implementation shortfall approach to transaction cost measurement; |
![]() | describe factors driving the development of electronic trading systems; describe market fragmentation; |
![]() | identify and contrast the types of electronic traders; |
![]() | describe characteristics and uses of electronic trading systems; describe comparative advantages of low-latency traders; |
![]() | describe the risks associated with electronic trading and how regulators mitigate them; describe abusive trading practices that real-time surveillance of markets may detect. |

I just wanted to share the good news that I passed CFA Level I!!! Thank you for your help - I think the online question bank helped cut the clutter and made a positive difference.

Edward Liu
My Own Flashcard
No flashcard found. Add a private flashcard for the module.
Add